Shopping Mall Construction and Design Guide – Technical Specifications

Spatial Planning

Mall Configuration

 

Zone Type	Area Ratio	Circulation %	Height (m)
Retail Units	60-65%	35-40%	4.2-4.8
Anchor Stores	20-25%	15-20%	6.0-7.5
Food Court	8-10%	40-45%	4.5-5.0
Common Areas	10-12%	50-55%	6.0-12.0
Service Areas	5-8%	20-25%	3.6-4.2

Structural Systems

Floor Loading Requirements

Area Type	Live Load (kPa)	Dead Load (kPa)	Total Load
Retail Floor	5.0-6.0	2.5-3.0	7.5-9.0
Anchor Stores	7.5-10.0	3.0-3.5	10.5-13.5
Food Court	5.0-6.0	3.0-3.5	8.0-9.5
Service Corridors	7.5-10.0	2.5-3.0	10.0-13.0
Parking Areas	2.5-3.0	2.0-2.5	4.5-5.5

Technical Systems

HVAC Requirements

Zone	Cooling Load (W/m²)	Air Changes/Hour	Temperature (°C)
Retail	250-300	6-8	22-24
Food Court	350-400	12-15	23-25
Common Areas	200-250	8-10	23-24
Storage	150-200	4-6	20-26
Parking	50-75	6-8	Ambient +3

Electrical Load Distribution

Usage	Load (W/m²)	Redundancy	Backup
Retail Units	150-200	N+1	Essential
Common Areas	50-75	N+1	Full
Food Court	250-300	N+1	Essential
Emergency Systems	25-30	2N	Full UPS
External Lighting	10-15	N	Partial

Parking Requirements

Vehicle Accommodation

Type	Spaces/1000m² GLA	Size (m)	Circulation
Standard	40-50	2.5 x 5.0	6m aisle
Disabled	2-4	3.6 x 5.0	6m aisle
Parent/Child	2-3	3.2 x 5.0	6m aisle
Service Vehicles	1-2	3.5 x 12.0	12m aisle

Fire Safety Systems

Protection Requirements

System	Coverage	Response Time	Standard
Sprinklers	100%	60 seconds	NFPA 13
Smoke Detection	All areas	30 seconds	EN 54
Fire Alarm	Full building	Immediate	Local code
Emergency Lighting	All routes	Instant	EN 1838
Smoke Extract	Per zone	60 seconds	AS 1668.1

Construction Costs (USD/m²)

Build Costs

Component	Basic	Standard	Premium
Shell & Core	800-1000	1000-1500	1500-2000
MEP Systems	400-500	500-700	700-1000
Finishes	300-400	400-600	600-900
External Works	150-200	200-300	300-500

Tenant Improvement Allowance

Type	Cost/m²	Lifecycle	Renewal
Anchor	200-300	15 years	Tenant
Major	400-600	10 years	Split
Specialty	600-800	5 years	Landlord
Food Court	800-1000	7 years	Split

Operational Systems

Building Management

System	Function	Integration	Monitoring
BMS	HVAC/Lighting	Central	24/7
Security	CCTV/Access	Central	24/7
Parking	Management	Automated	Real-time
Energy	Consumption	Smart grid	Continuous
Waste	Collection	Scheduled	Daily

Maintenance Requirements

Preventive Schedule

Component	Frequency	Type	Cost/Year/m²
HVAC	Monthly	Technical	15-20
Electrical	Quarterly	Inspection	8-12
Lifts/Escalators	Monthly	Service	10-15
Fire Systems	Monthly	Testing	5-8
Building Fabric	Annual	Inspection	12-18